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RESEARCH QUESTION: What causes Leukemia?

Citation (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) Abramovits, Melissa. Leukemia. San Diego: The Gale Group, 2003.

Subject of notes (include the words or phrases from keyword searches)

Notes • Record only important info • PARAPHRASE • Try to find a short effective quote - Doctors say the scariest part about this form of cancer is that it is virtually impossible to predict who will get it. - Leukemia can attack healthy individuals with frightening suddenness and speed. - With leukemia, no such obvious measures are available. - According to the American Cancer Society, “there is no known way to prevent most cases of leukemia. Unlike some other types of cancer, most leukemia is not linked to lifestyle risk factors.” - several factors are suspected: radiation, chemicals, viruses and genetic factors many be involved in the develpment of leukemia. a number of factors work together to produce leukemia. - the leukemia is caused by CSCs that develop into white blood cells.

there are two main categorizes of leukemia: Acute leukemia progresses quickly while chronic leukemia develops more slowly. Ideas • Ideas, reactions to information • Your opinions • Ways to present this info on your wiki • Images/video to support this Leukemia is dangerous because scientists are still unsure of what causes leukemia.

There is no evidence that leukemia is caused by the way people lead their lives, but doctors know that leukemia is caused by CSCs or cancerous stem cells.

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can turn into any type of cell in the human body. Stem cells can also duplicate quickly without giving rise to other types of cells.

RESEARCH QUESTION: TREATMENT: What is the treatment for the disease? Is there a cure?

Citation (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) NCI, "High Dose Chemotherapy Significantly Prolongs Survival for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia." __National Cancer Institute__ 17, 11, 2008 1. 2 Apr 2009

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Notes • Record only important info • PARAPHRASE • Try to find a short effective quote Detection If you or your doctor thinks you have leukemia, these checkups are recommended. • Complete blood counts • Bone marrow examination • Cytogenetic studies • Immunophenotyping

The main type of treatment for leukemia is chemotherapy. This may be used alone or in combination with: · Bone marrow transplants (stem cells) · Radiation therapy external radiation therapy- machine direct high energy rays at the cancerous area. radiation implants- small container of radioactive material and place in body. · Interferon therapy (immunotherapy) · Surgery-splenectomy (removal of the spleen) The treatment plan chosen is based on the type of leukemia, the patient's age, white blood cell count, genetics of the cancer, and whether or not there was a preleukemic condition or a previously treated cancer. Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with drugs that can destroy leukemia cancer cells by impeding their growth and reproduction. These drugs often are called "anticancer" drugs. Chemotherapy drugs are given intravenously, by injection or by mouth. Chemotherapy is often used alone, or in conjunction with radiation therapy or surgery.

side effects of treatment: Chemotherapy can have many unpleasant side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss and mouth sores. New approaches to reduce or moderate these side effects will be utilized to help you through your chemotherapy treatment. The fractionated dose approach may diminish the side effects, particularly nausea and vomiting. seizures, memory loss, paralyzed for short period Ideas • Ideas, reactions to information • Your opinions • Ways to present this info on your wiki • Images/video to support this Chemotherapy is a cure for leukemia but it is really dangerous. A patient was cured of leukemia with new stem cell technology (bone marrow transplant). but stem cells can become cancerous or develop into teratomas. (debates^^)

Leukemia is really hard to cure and many people die from it but they just have to hope and go on.

= QUESTION: = || EFFECTS: The effects of the disease on your body, including signs and symptoms || NHC, "Norton Cancer Institute Prevention & Early Detection Program." __Norton HealthCare__ (2009) 1. 27 April 2009 <[]>. || (include the words or phrases from keyword searches) || warning signs and symptoms || · Fever, chills and other flu-like symptoms · Weakness and fatigue · Frequent infections · Loss of appetite · Weight loss · Swollen or tender lymph nodes, liver or spleen · Easy bleeding or bruising · Tiny red spots under the skin · Swollen or bleeding gums · Sweating, especially at night · Bone or joint pain · Anemia These symptoms can also come from other, less serious conditions. Seeing your health care provider is the only way to find out what may be causing these symptoms. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society says that many people with chronic leukemia do not have major symptoms but signs of acute leukemia may include: • Easy bruising or bleeding • Paleness or fatigue • Recurrent minor infections • Poor healing of minor cuts • Enlarged lymph nodes • Swollen gums • Enlarged liver or spleen • Small pinpoint rash It is hard to limit the side effects of leukemia therapy so that only leukemia cells are destroyed. Because leukemia treatment also damages healthy cells and tissues, it causes side effects.
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 * Try to find a short effective quote || Some of the warning signs of leukemia include:
 * Try to find a short effective quote || Some of the warning signs of leukemia include:

**Short-term effects**
There is a risk of kidney damage as a result of the high levels of uric acid released when the tumour cells are killed. Drugs can be given to guard against this effect but sometimes the destruction of cells is so rapid that a condition called tumour-lysis occurs and temporary use of an artificial kidney may be required. The powerful drugs used to treat leukaemia affect a child’s bone marrow and the ability of the marrow to produce blood cells. This causes problems such as infection, bleeding and anaemia. The more intensive the treatment is, the more likely the child is to experience these serious side effects. A high level of supportive care – including antibiotics, antifungal drugs, red blood cell transfusions and platelet transfusions - is required to protect against these risks. Hair loss is an inevitable but temporary side-effect of chemotherapy. Children may also experience nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss.
 * Kidney damage**
 * Risk of infection and bleeding**
 * Hair loss**
 * Other effects**

**Long-term effects**
The long-term effects of chemotherapy depend on the drugs used and the intensity of treatment. Because of the combinations of drugs which are used, it is difficult to establish which drugs are responsible for which effects. Documented side-effects have included cardiac problems, infertility and secondary cancers. The main risk of long-term effects is in children who receive cranial and spinal irradiation to prevent central nervous system (CNS) relapse. For this reason only a minority of children now receive cranial irradiation routinely. Use of cranial and spinal irradiation is associated with impairment of growth and educational achievement and with premature onset of puberty. In order to minimise the risk of these effects children receive the absolute minimum dose of radiotherapy necessary to prevent CNS relapse. In the small number of cases where whole-body irradiation has been given as part of the preparation for a stem cell transplant it is likely that the child will be made sterile. There may also be impairment of hormone production by the testes or ovaries and children may require hormone replacement therapy to attain puberty. Boys with testicular disease may require localised radiotherapy to the testes and the younger the age at which this is done, the more severe the impact on testes function. Spinal or total body irradiation may also affect the thyroid gland and children will be given regular tests as they may require thyroid supplements. ||
 * Cranial and spinal irritation**
 * Infertility**

RESEARCH QUESTION: PREVENTION: Can you protect yourself from getting this disease, or make choices that will reduce your chances of getting it?

Citation (title, author, publication, date, URL, etc.) NHC, "Norton Cancer Institute Prevention & Early Detection Program." __Norton HealthCare__ (2009) 1. 27 April 2009 .

Subject of notes (include the words or phrases from keyword searches)

Notes • Record only important info • PARAPHRASE • Try to find a short effective quote There is currently no known way to prevent most types of leukemia, especially among children. Smoking is the most significant avoidable risk factor among adults. About 20% of adult acute myeloid leukemia's are attributed to cigarette smoking. Also, avoiding chemicals linked with leukemia, such as benzene, may lower the risk of developing leukemia. Both children and adults who have been treated previously for cancer with radiation and chemotherapy, who are taking immune suppressing drugs, or who have certain genetic conditions such as Down's Syndrome are at higher risk of developing acute leukemia. Individuals who are concerned about this cancer should discuss their concerns with their health care providers.

Ideas • Ideas, reactions to information • Your opinions • Ways to present this info on your wiki • Images/video to support this Once leukemia is suspected, it should be checked up. If grandparents or parents have leukemia then regular checks should be done.

Because the cause of leukemia is still unknown, there is no way to know how to prevent it.

RESEARCH QUESTION: interviews with patients and ways to help them 1311 Mamaroneck Avenue White Plains, NY 10605 tel: (800) 955-4572 fax: (914) 949-6691 P.O. Box 4072 Pittsfield, MA 01202 Simply visit the [|bmycharity website] and follow the online instructions (you will be directed to an external site - new window will open). You can create a personal e-fundraising homepage in minutes. Email a link to friends, family, colleagues, etc and they can then make secure online donations directly to us in less than three minutes.
 * The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society**
 * Mail donations to:**

**Fundraising online has several advantages**
> leukemia is the second most common cause of death among children in america, it occurs ten times more often among adults then children. > > Paul allen -The co founder of Microsoft, one of the richest people in the world, is throwing his fortune at science ventures > Ideas > • Images/video to support this -ways to donate > links to charities > examples (interviews) with leukemia patients. things you can do: attend event, volunteer to help, help fundraise.
 * 1) It’s quick and easy. No technical expertise is required – just follow the simple online instructions to create your homepage.
 * 2) It offers your friends, family and colleagues a convenient way to support you if they are living in the next town or the next time zone!
 * 3) It cuts out the middle man so more of the funds raised go directly to help leukaemic children.
 * 4) Although there are two photos that automatically appear on the page, you can replace these with your own photos.
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 * 7) If you have any pledges, Bmycharity will email a reminder to all of your supporters shortly after the event and provide a link so that they can settle the pledge online with a credit or debit card.
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